More research into childhood cancer is needed
Through funding offers for research projects and research positions, the Swedish Childhood Cancer Fund contributes to funding research and giving Swedish researchers the long-term support that is necessary to cure more children from cancer.
The Swedish Childhood Cancer Fund finances basic research projects and clinical projects to cure sick children and to give them a better life both during and after treatment. That is why the research projects that the Swedish Childhood Cancer Fund finances focus on several areas, from developing tomorrow’s cutting-edge therapies with cancer-destroying T-cells or targeted molecules, to improving treatment protocols and providing opportunities for better psychological care during and after treatment.
Paediatric or childhood cancer is a collective term for many different diagnoses, some of which can be extremely uncommon. This means that researchers must work together to draw reliable conclusions and develop new treatment methods for all of these diagnoses. With the Swedish Childhood Cancer Fund’s help, researchers and clinics can work together both nationally and internationally, for example through networks that assess the current treatments and develop new treatment protocols. This contributes to greater knowledge and skill among Sweden’s care staff, all to ensure that Swedish children have access to the latest progress in cancer research.
Funding offers for research projects and research positions
Activity
- The Swedish Childhood Cancer Fund supports research through funding offers for research projects and research positions.
- In 2019, the Swedish Childhood Cancer Fund allocated one of its biggest grants ever to map out congenital genetic causes of childhood cancer. This will lead to better prevention and treatment – and lives saved.
- The Swedish Childhood Cancer Fund has translated its application system into English, which will allow more foreign researchers in Sweden and elsewhere to apply for funding.
- In partnership with MedTech4Health, the Swedish Childhood Cancer Fund has announced funding offers for “Medical technology innovation for children with cancer”. The goal is to develop products or services that contribute to better medical or social care of children with cancer and their families.
- The Swedish Childhood Cancer Fund has given extensive support to a major international research project aiming to improve the treatment protocol for acute myeloid leukaemia (AML). The project, which is integrated in paediatric cancer care in Sweden, started in 2013 and is managed from Sweden. The research results are essential for developing the treatment and improving the prognosis of children with AML.
- The Swedish Childhood Cancer Fund has supported research that involves individualising the treatment of acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL), ensuring better care. By analysing the concentration of the medicines in the blood, the dosage can be tailored for each individual child, thus increasing their chances of survival with fewer side effects.
- The Swedish Childhood Cancer Fund has approved grants to research in the field of immunotherapy, increasing its involvement in new innovative treatment methods. The immunotherapy research that the Swedish Childhood Cancer Fund supports includes research on CAR T-cells, which have revolutionised the treatment of certain diagnoses.
Impact
Our funding offers for research projects and research positions have allowed more researchers to focus on childhood cancer research and more research projects to be carried out. The enhanced knowledge from various research projects and research fields has also contributed to the development of improved treatment methods and new medicines – and in the long run to increased survival rates and fewer complications among survivors.
The clearest evidence that progress is being made in childhood cancer research is the new survival figures. New statistics show that childhood cancer survivors have increased from 80 to 85 per cent over a five-year period.
Among the 10–15 children in Sweden who are diagnosed with AML each year, five-year survival has reached 78 per cent, compared with 63 per cent in 2010. The main reason for this is that doctors have got better at finding cancer cells that remain after treatment is completed. By refining a method called flow cytometry, in which each cell can be characterised with a laser, doctors can identify children who need more treatment. The method is part of the treatment protocol since 2013. Flow cytometry allows improved risk categorisation of patients by detecting tiny amounts of leukaemia cells in the bone marrow after treatment, which allows us to identify children with a high risk of relapse, who need further treatment such as stem cell transplant. Another change that has contributed to greater survival figures is a more intensive dose of chemotherapy in the beginning of the treatment, which has resulted in fewer relapses.
Survival rates for ALL have increased dramatically since the 1970s, from practically zero to nearly 94 per cent today. Successful research and clinical collaboration in paediatric oncology have led to such excellent survival rates in children that adult patients are now being treated with the paediatric protocol – and the adult survival rates have also increased.
Read more about CAR T-cells for treatment of ALL in the 2017 Childhood Cancer Report.
Five-year survival* after a diagnosis of childhood cancer
Year of diagnosis |
Hodgkin’s lymphoma |
Acute lymphoblastic leukaemia |
Non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma |
Kidney tumours |
Brain tumours |
Neuroblastoma |
Bone tumours |
Muscle/connective tissue tumours |
Acute myeloid leukaemia |
1955 |
22 |
2 |
16 |
10 |
18 |
10 |
18 |
20 |
2 |
1960 |
35 |
2 |
18 |
18 |
25 |
13 |
19 |
24 |
2 |
1965 |
50 |
2 |
20 |
28 |
33 |
18 |
20 |
28 |
2 |
1970 |
60 |
3 |
25 |
38 |
38 |
25 |
29 |
40 |
2 |
1975 |
72 |
30 |
32 |
61 |
40 |
30 |
38 |
45 |
2 |
1980 |
82 |
60 |
50 |
71 |
45 |
38 |
45 |
47 |
3 |
1985 |
94 |
75 |
76 |
84 |
68 |
45 |
50 |
53 |
20 |
1990 |
98 |
80 |
79 |
84 |
73 |
57 |
53 |
69 |
35 |
1995 |
97 |
87 |
82 |
90 |
76 |
62 |
74 |
79 |
59 |
2000 |
96 |
87 |
86 |
88 |
75 |
62 |
69 |
80 |
64 |
2005 |
97 |
87 |
85 |
83 |
78 |
73 |
74 |
78 |
61 |
2010 |
99 |
89 |
86 |
91 |
82 |
73 |
78 |
67 |
63 |
2015 |
100 |
94 |
91 |
97 |
81 |
73 |
78 |
79 |
78 |
The diagram shows the five-year survival* for different kinds of childhood-cancer. The statistics represent children in sweden, 0-15 years old, and is collected every five years.
* Percentage of children alive five years after their initial diagnosis.
Support for research infrastructure
Activity
- To optimise the use of limited resources and contribute to faster results from research and development projects, we also provide support to infrastructure initiatives that allow research to be collected, stored and coordinated. One example is the National Paediatric Tumour Biobank, founded in 2013, which initially collected tissue from brain tumours and neuroblastoma. In 2015 the biobank was expanded to include all solid tumours and to conduct important analyses that all researchers can access. Solid tumours make up 70 per cent of the over 300 cases of children diagnosed with cancer each year. The purpose of the National Paediatric Tumour Biobank is to make the most use of the valuable patient material and prevent wasteful use of resources by different researchers doing the same analyses.
- The Swedish Childhood Cancer Fund also finances the Swedish Childhood Cancer Database, a crucial infrastructure initiative for childhood cancer research. The database contains data on the development of the patients’ illness, their treatment and complications – all crucial information for conducting research and developing treatment protocols.
Impact
Without the National Paediatric Tumour Biobank, fewer research programmes in Sweden would have been possible because the samples would not have lasted for as many experiments and research projects. The number of samples collected is continuously growing and analyses have been done on many of the samples. Today, the National Paediatric Tumour Biobank is managing the tissue samples needed for four ongoing paediatric oncological treatment studies: BIOMEDE, INFORM, PNET5 and CMS.
The Childhood Cancer Database promotes childhood cancer research and makes it possible to develop new treatment methods and protocols. All treatment protocols in the Nordic region are dependent on the data provided by this database. For example, the database is crucial to the research that led to enhanced survival from AML.
Clinical research produces new treatments
Activity
- To get research results to patients in the form of new medicines and treatments, the Swedish Childhood Cancer Fund added a special funding offer in 2016 for clinical research projects. The goal was to increase clinical research into childhood cancer, which will directly improve treatment and nursing.
- The Swedish Childhood Cancer Fund has increased the average level of grants in approved research projects.
Impact
An increase in the average amount of funds granted to clinical research projects is allowing more research to benefit patients faster, with greater chances of achieving the research goals.
Granted to clinical trials
Average amount per year, research project and position (SEK)
Year |
Average per year |
2001 |
555 717 |
2002 |
317 750 |
2003 |
400 294 |
2004 |
331 846 |
2005 |
333 456 |
2006 |
376 154 |
2007 |
315 625 |
2008 |
327 778 |
2009 |
581 250 |
2010 |
416 429 |
2011 |
446 160 |
2012 |
395 833 |
2013 |
350 386 |
2014 |
318 182 |
2015 |
368 859 |
2016 |
438 462 |
2017 |
659 722 |
2018 |
600 926 |
2019 |
835805 |
Hope
Activity
- New knowledge that comes from research and development must be translated into new pharmaceuticals and treatment methods. And this requires clinical trials and drug tests that are adapted to children, as well as the implementation of new knowledge in clinical practice. Since 2016, the Swedish Childhood Cancer Fund has co-funded the Haematological Oncological Clinical Trials Unit (HOPE) in Stockholm for early clinical pharmaceutical trials. We also support a clinical trials department at Sahlgrenska University Hospital in Gothenburg. Both departments are accredited by Innovative Therapies for Children with Cancer, ITCC.
Impact
New clinical trial units make it possible for children in Sweden to get access to new, innovative therapies. In the longer term, it will also make it possible to develop and launch more effective drugs that cure children with cancer. Several international pharmaceutical trials and register-based studies have already begun, including a phase II pharmaceutical study on pontine glioma (Biological Medicine for Diffuse Intrinsic Pontine Glioma Eradication, BIOMEDE).
In February 2016, the unit in Stockholm was accredited as Sweden’s first ITCC centre. ITCC, Innovative Therapies for Children with Cancer, is the European organisation for early clinical trials, phase I/phase II trials, for children with cancer. Financial support to two ITCC units (Stockholm and Gothenburg) opens the door to more children participating in clinical trials in Sweden instead of having to go abroad.
Care planning groups
Activity
- The Swedish Childhood Cancer Fund’s support for care planning groups and treatment protocols is vital to the development of therapies. Sweden has several care planning groups that meet regularly to exchange experiences and help each other. The care planning groups are an important link between research and clinical practice, which contributes to improved treatment protocols.
Impact
The new treatment protocol has increased survival and reduced complications. The Swedish Childhood Cancer Fund contributed to the treatment protocol for acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL), NOPHO-ALL 2008, in several ways – providing funding for research, the ALL care planning group, the Childhood Cancer Database and the Nordic Society for Paediatric Haematology and Oncology, NOPHO. The Swedish Childhood Cancer Fund is also contributing to the new ALL treatment protocol, ALLTogether, a Europe-wide project that is just starting up.
All children in the Nordic region, Belgium, the Netherlands, Spain, Portugal, Israel and the Baltic states with acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) are treated according to NOPHO-AML 2012 – a major international research and treatment protocol. The project is managed from Sweden with extensive support from the Swedish Childhood Cancer Fund.